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Will Burtin
Will Burtin was a graphic designer from Cologne, Germany, known for interrelating design and scientific concepts within his exhibits. He was an influential designer, educator, and theorist in Germany and the United States. He arrived in the United States in 1939 after fleeing Nazism in Germany. In the U.S., he worked for Fortune Magazine and as an educator at Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design. He designed many exhibits for companies, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency.〔 He received many awards and recognition for his work including a gold medal from AIGA. Many of his exhibits were reviewed in major consumer magazines, such as ''Newsweek'' and ''Life Magazine''. He was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1974. Will Burtin died on January 18, 1972, in Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Burtin’s cause of death was mesothelioma, cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.〔
==Early life in Germany==
Will Burtin was born in Cologne, Germany, to August and Gertrud Bürtin on January 27, 1908. Burtin’s education was interrupted early during World War I when German armies took over his elementary school for cavalry barracks. Burtin also never graduated high school; instead, Burtin started studying topography at Handwerkskammer Köln. After graduation, Burtin studied graphic and industrial design at the Kölner Werkschulen (Cologne Academy of Fine and Applied Arts) in 1926. During his time studying topography and art, Burtin interned at the typesetting studio of Dr. Philippe Knöll. He worked for Knöll on exhibitions at GeSoLei in Düsseldorf.
In 1927, Burtin opened his own design studio in Cologne, in which he created booklets, posters, type books, exhibitions, displays, advertising, and movies for German, French, and other clients. He had this studio from 1927 to 1938. In 1930, Burtin started teaching in Berlin, where he met art student Hilde Munk. Burtin and Munk were married in 1932 and Munk became partner in her husband’s design studio, Entwurfe Bürtin, which in English translates as Designs by Burtin.〔
During the war, the Nazi Party was determined to win over the public opinion, which brought Will Burtin to the party's attention for its propaganda design. Nazi officials began asking Burtin to work for their cause, while also trying to persuade him to divorce his Jewish wife. Burtin was able to decline early Nazi attempts to hire him. Burtin always claimed that his work schedule was already too hectic to take on another responsibility. However, in 1937, Nazi Propaganda Minister Josef Goebbels made an official request for Burtin to become the Ministry’s Director of Design. Burtin begged his clients for business requests in order to buy some time. Burtin’s wife Hilde took advantage of this stall to write an urgent letter to her cousin, Max Munk, in Maryland. She had asked him to sponsor the couple’s immigration into the United States. Munk responded to Hilde’s request by sending an affidavit. The affidavit was dated November 15, 1937 and it granted Will and Hilde Burtin a visa. Meanwhile, back in Germany, Burtin was call upon again to Berlin, however this time to meet Adolf Hitler himself. Burtin tried disqualifying himself from working in the Nazi Party by mentioning his wife Hilde was Jewish. Unfortunately for Burtin, Hitler replied that his wife was not an issue and his first assignment would be to create an exhibit foretelling the impacts of Nazi culture. Again trying to buy time, Burtin replied to the invitation asking for a short vacation. He responded that he was honored to be considered but needed this short vacation to be well rested and prepared for his new duties and responsibilities with the Nazi Party. The Burtin’s decided under no circumstances would they work for the Nazi Party and they fled to the United States. They left behind all their personal belongings except a sample sheet of the typeface Firmin Didot.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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